ZESZYT Nr 2 / 2010 Abstrakty Volume No 2/2010 Abstracts |
 |
| 2.The assessment of grain quality
of maize cultivars depending on the way and term of herbicides
application - Hanna Gołębiowska, Henryka Rola Abstract. Accessibility of stably-yielding maize cultivars with different degrees of earliness, as classifi ed in the FAO system, has created the possibility of maize production across the whole area of Poland. An extensive area under maize cultivation is possible due to a favourable economic situation and wide utilization of grain both in the production of fodder mixtures and by many branches of industry. Among cereals, maize is characterized by the highest energy value and high digestibility of nutrients resulting from high content of starch and fat, as well as low content of protein and crude fi bre. These properties are infl uenced by environmental conditions, accessibility of water and nitrogen and also by plant protection chemicals, including herbicides. The herbicides applied are not always selective for particular cultivars and, therefore, they can negatively affect the course of plant growth and development (inhibition of seedling sprouting, discoloration and deformations of leaves, or retardation of plant growth), as well as disturb assimilate production in the course of photosynthesis which led to reduction in yield and to deterioration of yield components and crop quality. The study demonstrated that from among investigated cultivars Lg 3225 and Anjou 249 gave the highest yields. However, from among the herbicides used only Mustang 306 SE applied in BBCH 16 had signifi cantly lowered grain yields. Although no phytotoxicity effect was recorded, application of Maister in divided doses brought about a signifi cantly lower content of starch and fat in the cultivar Salgado. In the cultivars Lg 3225 and Anjou 249 treated with the herbicide Mustang 306 SE phytotoxicity symptoms of injuries and decrease of grain and dry matter yield, and reduction in the thousand grain weight were observed. The cultivar Anjou 249 treated with the herbicide Mustang 306 SE in the 5th leaf stage, contained signifi cantly decreased amounts of protein, fat, starch and fi bre in comparison to the non-treated control, due to a strong phytotoxic effect. Tolerant cultivars, like: Ronaldinio, Hexxer, PR 39T45 did not show any morphological and qualitative changes, regardless of the application date and the manner in which the herbicide was applied. key words: herbicides, phytotoxicity, cultivar of maize, qualitative parameters |