ZESZYT Nr 34/ 2018 Abstrakty Volume No. 34/2018 Abstracts |
1. Breeding of triploid common hop cultivars (Humulus lupulus L.) – A. Trojak-Goluch, U. Skomra Abstract. Genome
polyploidisation plays a special role in the progress of crop
improvement in agriculture. Duplication of the entire genome is
associated with significant phenotypic changes in plants, which most
often lead to an increase in production at an unchanged level of input.
Triploid hop genotypes are distinguished from diploids by their higher
yielding potential, increased alpha-acid content and absence of seeds.
For this reason, triploid hop cones are an extremely useful raw
material for the brewing industry. Studies on the polyploidisation of
hop genomes were initiated by Dark in 1948. In the 1950s, American
researchers Neve and Farrar made an important contribution to hop
triploid breeding. A significant improvement in yield per unit area and
in the quality of hop raw material was brought about by the release of
aromatic triploid cultivars: Willamette and Columbia to hop farmers by
Haunold et al. in 1977. The development of a method for the induction
of tetraploid hops using colchicine in in vitro
cultures has resulted in a number of valuable high alpha as well as
aromatic triploid hop cultivars being obtained in New Zealand. As a
result of the breeding work carried out in Slovenia in the 1990s, an
array of triploid cultivars was obtained, the introduction of which
resulted in a significant increase in the cultivation area of aromatic
cultivars in this country. Currently, breeding work aimed at obtaining
super alpha and aromatic triploid hop cultivars is being carried out in
Poland at the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State
Research Institute. keywords: polyploidisation of genomes, triploid, Humulus lupulus, seedlessness |