ZESZYT Nr 24/ 2016 Abstrakty Volume No. 24/2016 Abstracts |
2. Speciation of Cd and Pb in the soil after the biochar application- Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek, Krzysztof Gondek Abstract. The
focus on speciation analytics, which allows to identify the potential
risks to the environment arising from the presence or accumulation of
heavy metals in soil, has been on the increase in the recent years.
Total or, at least, partial detoxification of heavy metal ions, to
variable extents, can be achieved by introducing biochar into the soil.
The key factor and potential of biochar to reduce the content of heavy
metals in soil depends on the specific properties of biochar, such as
presence of functional surface groups, specific surface area, and
porosity. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of poultry
litter, as well as poultry litter-derived biochar produced at a
temperature of 300oC on Cd and Pb contents in mobile and organic
matter-bound forms in soil. A micro-plot field experiment was
established on Haplic Cambisol with five treatments: control soil
without fertilisation; soil + NPK; soil + NPK + poultry litter at a
dose of 5 t D.M. ha-1; soil + NPK+ biochar at a dose of 2.25 t D.M.
ha-1, and soil + NPK + biochar at a dose of 5 t D.M. ha-1. The soil
samples were taken from each plot, from the layers: 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm
and 20–30 cm. The following parameters were determined: pH – by
potentiometric method, electrical conductivity – by conductometric
titration, the contents of total forms of nitrogen and carbon were
determined using CNS analyser. The contents of total forms of selected
trace elements were determined after ashing the soil organic matter in
chamber furnace (at 450°C for 8 hours) and mineralising its residues in
a mixture of concentrated nitric and perchloric acids. Selected forms
of analysed trace elements (the sum of mobile, exchangeable, MnOx- and
organic matter-bound fractions) were determined by the sequential
extraction procedure designed by Zeien and Brümmer. The Cd and Pb
contents in the resulting solutions and extracts were determined by
ICP-OES using the Perkin Elmer Optima 7300 DV instrument. The sum of
exchangeable alkaline cations (EAC) and hydrolytic acidity (Hh) were
determined by Kappen method. It was noted that the total lead content,
regardless of the soil layer (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm), ranged
between 19.8 mg and 28.9 mg kg-1 D.M. of soil, and the total cadmium
content, between 0.61 mg and 1.16 mg kg-1 D.M. of soil. The average
proportion of the sum of the most mobile forms of cadmium in the total
Cd content in 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm soil layers was: 82%, 76%
and 63% respectively, and of lead, 22%, 20% and 24%. The proportion of
lead fraction bound with organic matter in the total content was
comparable in different soil layers and ranged between 37% and 41%. No
Cd fraction bound to organic matter was determined in the tests. Key words: speciation of heavy metals, cadmium, lead, biochar, soil T |